Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was born in Moscow May 26th (June 6th), 1799. From an early age, Pushkin was brought up in a literary environment. His father was a literature enthusiast, had a large library, and his uncle was a poet. Pushkin’s house was visited by Karamzin, Zhukovsky, and Dmitriev.
Communication with his grandmother, Arina Rodionovna, and his uncle Nikita Kozlov gave young Pushkin many impressions. His father and uncle decided to send Alexander to the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where he began studying in 1811. Much has been said about the role of the Lyceum in the formation of Pushkin’s personality.
After graduating from the Lyceum, Pushkin did not return to Moscow. In 1817, he moved to St. Petersburg and was enrolled in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. In St. Petersburg, he socialized in the secular society, in literary circles, attended balls, and theaters. In 1820, he completed the poem «Ruslan and Ludmila» — his first major work.
For epigrams and free verses that quickly spread throughout St. Petersburg, Pushkin was sent into southern exile (ссылка) in 1820. Over the next four years, he moved to various cities: Yekaterinoslav, Kishinev, Odessa. During this exile, he wrote romantic southern poems such as «The Prisoner of the Caucasus,» «The Fountain of Bakhchisarai,» «The Robber Brothers,» and in 1823, he began working on the novel in verse «Eugene Onegin.»
In 1824, Pushkin was sent into northern exile to his parents’ estate in Mikhailovskoye, where he lived with a nanny after his family left. There, he continued to work on «Eugene Onegin,» wrote «Boris Godunov,» and poems. Friends visited him there, and Pushkin brought «Woe from Wit» to him. While there, Pushkin corresponded. There he received news of the Decembrist uprising, in which many of his friends participated, and of their execution.
On September 4, 1826, Nicholas I unexpectedly summoned Pushkin to Moscow. But the freedom granted by the tsar was short-lived. Already in 1328, a decree of the State Council was issued for the supervision of Pushkin. In the same year, he left for the Caucasus, where his friends served.
In 1830, Pushkin proposed to N. Goncharova. Before the wedding, he went to his estate in Boldino, where he had to stay because of quarantine. This period in Pushkin’s creative work is called the Boldino autumn, during which he wrote a large number of literary works of various genres.
On May 15, 1831, Pushkin got married and moved to St. Petersburg. During these years, he worked a lot in archives, wrote works on historical themes. These are «Dubrovsky,» «The Captain’s Daughter,» «The Story of Pugachev.» Pushkin edited the «Contemporary» magazine, communicated with Belinsky, Gogol, and artists.
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